AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is a viral infection caused by the HIV virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Why is it called a syndrome? Because normally, those who are affected manifest a series of many symptoms. Immunodeficiency means that the immune system of those who have been infected by the virus is fragile, deficient, and over time, will no longer be able to protect the body against attacks by viruses, bacteria or other external agents. HIV is like a chameleon, and can vary greatly. This is why it is difficult to find a definitive cure. Everyone can be affected by HIV: heterosexuals, homosexuals, those receiving blood transfusions, even children.

In 2010, 2884 cases of HIV infection and 718 cases of AIDS were reported in Italy, as well as 66 AIDS-related deaths. The majority of reported cases occurred in male subjects (74%), and the rate of new diagnosis was 5.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The rate of infection is growing, but it is not talked about enough.

Although HIV has been isolated from many biological fluids, only blood, seminal fluid, genital secretions and breast milk have been recognized as a source of infection. Transmission through sex is by far the most common method; even having sex one time is enough to cause contamination.

There is no risk of contagion through a hug, a handshake or a kiss unless there are abrasions or microlesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth through which the virus can enter. Saliva, mucus, sweat, tears, feces, urine and mosquito bites do not transmit the virus.

HIV-positive people can lead a normal life as long as health permits, and can engage in risk-free social life. Living with AIDS is very difficult; those affected by it need to feel accepted, and be able to share their daily lives with their loved ones.